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Containers are a game-changing tool for app development and deployment, offering isolated, portable environments that include code, libraries, and OS. Unlike virtual machines (VMs), containers are lightweight and share the host system's kernel, making them faster and more resource-efficient.
Developers benefit from containers as they allow working in multiple environments simultaneously without compromising the local machine. This ensures compatibility across different machines and platforms, eliminating the "it works on my machine" issue.
Docker is a popular container platform that uses overlapping layers to form container images. These images can be extended from any previous image or layer, with numerous pre-made base images available for various requirements.
Using a Dockerfile, developers can add commands to generate new file system layers or metadata layers. Multiple containers can run from a single image, with each container having its dedicated file system layer that persists until the container is deleted.
Containers can communicate easily, and when an app is ready for deployment, it can be tagged with a unique version and published to a container registry. Modern cloud platforms offer built-in support for deploying containers, or you can install a compatible container runtime on your machine for more control.
Container orchestration platforms like Kubernetes enable the creation of container-based clouds, providing even greater flexibility and control in app development and deployment.
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In the video, I cover:
- Understand containers and their benefits for developers
- Compare VMs and containers, and their resource usage
- Maintain multiple environments with containers to avoid conflicts
- Solve the "it works on my machine" problem with container consistency
- Explore container images, Dockerfiles, and overlapping layers
- Use pre-made and officially supported base images for projects
- Create and run containers using Docker as a container platform
- Communicate between containers through virtualized network layers
- Tag and publish container images to registries for storage
- Deploy containers using cloud platforms or compatible runtimes
- Utilize container orchestration with Kubernetes for advanced deployments
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Additions:
Despite me presenting it as so, containers don't contain a true OS in the full meaning of the word. That's an oversimplification. It's more of an "OS-like" environment. It definitely can act in ways that you'd expect an OS to act, but there are some differences.
If you use VSCode, check out "Dev Containers" - they are an awesome way to integrate your IDE into dedicated containerized development environments with just a single click.
Sharing a Kernel with the host does come with some potential drawbacks. Most importantly is that containers would be more vulnerable to attack than VMs should the host machine be compromised. However, containers are heavily used in many large-scale production environments and security can be hardened against such attacks, so it's definitely not a bigger concern than keeping software secure in general.
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00:00 - Introduction to Containers
00:24 - Coderized
00:27 - Containers vs. VMs
01:09 - The Role of the Kernel
01:32 - Benefits for Developers
01:58 - Works on My Machine...
02:19 - Creating a Container of Your Own
02:34 - Container Images and Filesystem Layers
02:47 - Banana
02:53 - Layers in Container Images
03:28 - Dockerfile example
03:42 - Container Runtime Changes and Persistence
04:09 - Accessing Running Containers
04:22 - Communication Between Containers
04:30 - Tagging and Publishing Container Images
04:51 - Deployment Options and Cloud Platforms
05:14 - Container Orchestration with Kubernetes
05:29 - Ending and Support
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