True Facts: The Curious Adaptations of Sharks

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Special Thanks to:
Save Our Seas Foundation, https://saveourseas.com 
Dr Barbara E. Wueringer, Sharks and Rays Australia
In Australia please report your sawfish sightings to www.cytags.com
Dr George Lauder, Harvard University, https://twitter.com/georgelauder
Jonathan R. Green, https://www.galapagoswhaleshark.org
Dr David Gruber, https://www.instagram.com/davidfgruber
Dr Andrew Chin, James Cook University
Dr Dean Grubbs, Florida State University
Dr Brooke Flammang, New Jersey Institute of Technology
Marco Carè : TGI Maldives-TGI Halaveli
Anna & Ned DeLoach, https://www.blennywatcher.com/ 
ZooWild YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/@Zoo_Wild
Florida Scuba Divers, https://www.youtube.com/@FloridaScubaDivers
Julie Higgs, https://www.youtube.com/@JulieHiggs_Spearfishing 
WizardBeaver, https://www.youtube.com/@wizardbeaver
Fat Fish Movies, https://www.youtube.com/@FatFishMovies
AboveDeck, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4lXIsTXYCYI
Rdearphotography, https://www.youtube.com/shorts/b8m8W-6fRfw 
NOAA
Smithsonian Institute
Airflow across a wing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UqBmdZ-BNig

Citations

Amir Akbarzadeh & Borazjani Iman
 - Controlling flow separation using traveling wave actuation.


Ouro, Pablo & Stoesser, Thorsten & Ramirez, Luis. (2018). Effect of Blade Cambering on 
Dynamic Stall in View of Designing Vertical Axis Turbines. Journal of Fluids Engineering. 
140. 061104. 10.1115/1.4039235.

Domel AG, et al. Shark skin-inspired designs that improve aerodynamic performance. J R Soc Interface. 2018 Feb;15(139):20170828. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0828.

Duchatelet, Laurent & Marion, Raphaël & Mallefet, Jérôme. (2021). A Third Luminous Shark Family: Confirmation of Luminescence Ability for Zameus squamulosus (Squaliformes; Somniosidae). Photochemistry and photobiology. 97. 10.1111/php.13393. 

Du Clos KT et al. Passive bristling of mako shark scales in reversing flows. J R Soc Interface. 2018 Oct 24;15(147):20180473. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0473. 

Gruber, D., Loew, E., Deheyn, D. et al. Biofluorescence in Catsharks : Fundamental Description and Relevance for Elasmobranch Visual Ecology. Sci Rep 6, 24751 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24751

Josberger EE et al. Proton conductivity in ampullae of Lorenzini jelly. Sci Adv. 2016 May 13;2(5):e1600112. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1600112.

Kempster RM, Hart NS, Collin SP. Survival of the stillest: predator avoidance in shark embryos. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e52551. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052551. 

Mallefet, Jérôme et al. (2021). Bioluminescence of the Largest Luminous Vertebrate, the Kitefin Shark, Dalatias licha. Frontiers in Marine Science. 8. 10.3389/fmars.2021.633582. 

Park HB et al. Bright Green Biofluorescence in Sharks Derives from Bromo-Kynurenine Metabolism. iScience. 2019 Sep 27;19:1291-1336. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.07.019.

Payne, N., Iosilevskii, G., Barnett, A. et al. Great hammerhead sharks swim on their side to reduce transport costs. Nat Commun 7, 12289 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12289

Rohner CA, et al. Laser photogrammetry improves size and demographic estimates for whale sharks. PeerJ. 2015 Apr 7;3:e886. doi: 10.7717/peerj.886.

Sato, Keiichi, et al; How great white sharks nourish their embryos to a large size: evidence of lipid histotrophy in lamnoid shark reproduction. Biol Open 15 September 2016; 5 (9): 1211–1215. doi: https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.017939

Sims DW, et al. Circles in the sea: annual courtship "torus" behaviour of basking sharks Cetorhinus maximus identified in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean. J Fish Biol. 2022 Nov;101(5):1160-1181. doi: 10.1111/jfb.15187. 

Tomita, Taketeru et al. (2018). Locomotion is not a privilege after birth: Ultrasound images of viviparous shark embryos swimming from one uterus to the other. Ethology. 125. 10.1111/eth.12828. 

Tomita T, Murakumo K, Komoto S, Dove A, Kino M, Miyamoto K, Toda M. Armored eyes of the whale shark. PLoS One. 2020 Jun 29;15(6):e0235342. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235342. 

Weigmann S, Kaschner CJ, Thiel R. A new microendemic species of the deep-water catshark genus Bythaelurus (Carcharhiniformes, Pentanchidae) from the northwestern Indian Ocean, with investigations of its feeding ecology, generic review and identification key. PLoS One. 2018 Dec 12;13(12):e0207887. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207887.

Williams LH et al. Sharks as exfoliators: widespread chafing between marine organisms suggests an unexplored ecological role. Ecology. 2022 Jan;103(1):e03570. doi: 10.1002/ecy.3570.

Wueringer, Barbara E.et al. The function of the sawfish's saw, Current Biology, Volume 22, Issue 5, 2012, Pages R150-R151, ISSN 0960-9822, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.01.055.

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